The descriptive review, from recurrent respiratory papillomatosis of the disease, an enigmatic

Introduction: The recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), which is caused by the human papilomavirus type 6 and 11, is the most common benign neoplasm in the larynx among infants and the second more frequent cause of the hoarseness in childhood. Is a enigmatic disease that can be devastating for those whom are affected. Is way misunderstood, and the investigation is still on matter. Objective: This review had as objective provide a global vision and an update of what is recognized about the RRP and that is ahead of interns therapies. This surgical and adjuvant was performed through the research of database PubMed, MEDLINE, Cumulative index to nursing and health, Allied Literature and Cochrane. Eletronic library sought to use the headers of the subject “Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis”, “Juvenile Laryngeal Papillomatosis”, “Respiratory Papillomatosis”, “Pediatric Laryngeal Obstruction” and “Airway Management”. The obtained results were analyzed of relevance for the theme. Discussion: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a little DNA virus that contain. The recurrent respiratory papillomatosis can affect people of any age, with the younger patient identified in a day of age and the oldest with 84 years. The most common presentation is the supporter of the RRP, it is the hoarseness. The therapy has been repetitive and debulking. The objective is to erradicate the disease, without damaging the normal structures. None modality has proven effective in the eradication of RRP. Conclusion: Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis is a frustrating disease, capricious with the potential of the morbid consequences by the cause of involvement of the airway and the risks of malignant degeneratio

Otorhinolaryngology Manifestations of Covid-19 Patients Short Title: ENT Manifestations of Covid-19

Objective: Our main aim is to review the published literature under the ENT manifestations in COVID19 positive patients having underlying causes. Materials and Methods: We have read about 45 peer-reviewed Elsevier, springer, wild pub, Jama network, British health magazine, Pub Med, Wiley's online booksellers, Karger journals, Europe PMC, new England newspaper, American Roentgen ology journal, and Nature's Public Health Emergency Series. We read about 45 peer-reviewed articles. The authors then summarized, collected, and analyzed the findings of research that met these criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Results: According to the possibilities the ENT manifestations included sore throat in 49 patients, cough in 799 patients, rhinitis in 87 patients, fatigue in 415 patients, loss of sense of taste in 80, loss of sense of smell in 171 patients, fever in 959 patients, headache in 189 patients, nausea and vomiting in 64 patients was reported. It also had dyspnea in about 64 patients. non-ENT symptoms that were more common and were more than the ENT manifestation were diarrhea in 9 patients, myalgia in 52 patients, hypertension in 79 patients, diabetes in 26 patients, heart disease in 20 patients, Urticarial in 15 patients Conclusion: ENT manifestations are not always the same as people suffering from COVID-19. They may vary with the underlying conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases as discussed in the article

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Parotid Salivary Gland—A Case Study

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) is an infrequent slow growing epithelial tumour constituting for around less than 1% of all the oral and maxillo-facial malignancies and almost 10% of all the salivary gland tumors. Parotid gland is the second most common site to be involved in the head and neck region along with submandibular gland, Palate being the most common site involved in the oral cavity. Key feature of these tumors include its asymptomatic presentation, indolent nature, typically showing infiltrative growth and peri-neural invasion. Herein, we report a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of right parotid gland of a 33-year-old male who presented with complaint of painless slow enlargement of left parotid gland and facial muscle weakness. On Examination firm mass in the region of the left parotid gland as well as left facial paralysis was seen. Biopsy results and further management is discussed here within

The Pattern of Otorhinolaryngological Manifestations in Pregnant Women in South Western-Nigeria

Background: A substantial number of changes occur throughout the entire body of a female during pregnancy. Although most of these changes produce no harm to the expectant mother or foetus, as many are benign and get to the normal during the postpartum period, but some don’t. The hormonal and physiological developments that take place during this period may affect the ear, nose and throat of to be mothers and often cause considerable amount of uneasiness, discomfort and anxiety. Therefore, the pregnancy should take special attention due to changes that affect both the expectant mother and her foetus and the relation between these fluctuations and ENT difficulties. It is also important for the Physician to have information of these common changes and treat them with precaution seeing the possible effects to both the mother and developing foetus during this vital period. Objective: The objective of this study is to find out the Otorhinolaryngological health issues of pregnant women. Material and Methods: It was a cross sectional study carried amongst 200 consenting pregnant women. Ethical supports were seeked from the hospital’s ethical team. The questionnaire was given among consenting pregnant women. Data acquired was analysed using the Epi info version 6. Qualitative data were plotted using frequencies and percentages. Barnard's exact test was used for categorical data, and the P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 200 pregnant women were recruited during the study (August 2017 to August 2018). The age range was from 18 – 44 years. The maximum no. of pregnant women i.e., 45% was Primigravida, 38% were Gravida 2, and 17% were Gravida 3 or more. Out of 200, the maximum no. of pregnant women i.e. 47% reported in 3rd trimester, 32% in 2nd and 21% in the 1st trimester. Out of 200 pregnant women most common otological complaint was ear itching (32.5%) followed by vertigo (6.5%), Tinnitus (6%), Autophony (5.5%), Aural Fullness (5%), Otalgia (4.5%), Hearing loss (3.5%), Ear discharge (2%). Least common was facial weakness (0.5%). Most common nasal complaint was Headache (50.5%) followed by Nasal discharge (35%), nasal congestion (32%), Excessive sneezing (25.5%), snoring (22.5%), Postnasal dripping (15.1%), Nasal itch (14.5%), Atopy (10%) Sleep apnoea (8.5%). Least common were Anosmia (1%) and Facial pain / heaviness (0.5%). Most common Oral and Throat complaint was Heartburn-GERD (60%) followed by Excessive salivation (17.5%), Sore throat (11.5%), Hoarseness (6.5%), Nasal regurgitation (5.5%), Gum swelling (5%), Loss of voice (4%). Least common were Gum pains (3.5%) and Nocturnal aspiration (0.5%). Conclusion: The shared Otorhinolaryngological complaints reported in this study showed eminence of features of likely otomycosis, rhinitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Most of the above-mentioned disorders are a direct consequence of the physiological variations of pregnancy. Thorough information of these conditions and their safe handling would be beneficial both to the expectant mother and the growing foetus

Auricular Anthropometry in South Western Nigeria Populace: Age and Sex Disparity, a Tool for Identification and Auricular Reconstruction among Nigerian Blacks

INTRODUCTION: There are population variations among people from different regions around the world in terms of auricle dimensions. This means it is not suitable to use foreign standards of auricle dimensions as a guideline for Nigerians undergoing plastic pinna reconstruction. Knowledge about the normal human ear dimensions and morphological features of various populations can be helpful from the anthropological and forensic point of view to provide data procedures for the inclusion and exclusion of persons for identification on the basis of ear variations collected from criminals. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross‑sectional study conducted among the populace of South-West, Nigeria between. Two hundred subjects (100 males and 100 females) between 10 and 50 years of age were selected for the study. They are divided into four age range groups in years. Group A (10-20), B (21-30), C (31-40) and D (41-50). The anthropometric parameters of the external ear were measured by the indirect method and variation according to age and sex were studied. These are the Total length of the ear (TLE), the Total width of the ear (TWE), Total lobular length (TLL) and Total lobular width (TLW). RESULTS: Our study showed the distribution of age and sex into four groups(A-B) with most of the males falling in B (N=32) while the females in group A (N=36). The age range for the subjects enrolled in the study was between 10 to 50 years. Group B has the highest number of subjects (N=64), while Group D had the least number of subjects (N=32) as well as the least number of male subjects (N=12). CONCLUSION: This study has shown a significant difference between auricular anthropometry in relation to age and sex of the subjects studied with men having relatively higher mean values than women. (Int J Biomed Sci 2019; 15 (3): 91-97

Duplication of the External Auditory Canal—An Incidental Finding

A 25-year-old who presented in our facility with 2 weeks history of right-sided mild otalgia associated with fluctuating hearing loss and ear itching. No otorrhoea, tinnitus, nor vertigo. Fiber-optic endoscopic otoscopy done revealed an impacted wax in the right ear and normal otoscopy in the left ear. She had aural syringing done, and a repeated otoscopy revealed a dual external auditory canal (EAC; Figure 1). Both canals ended at the tympanic membrane, which was dull and retracted. The patient felt a great relief in the symptoms after the syringing. She was followed up for 3 months without any untoward complication. External auditory canal develops from the groove of the first branchial arch. This groove deepens and meets the tubotympanic recess of the endoderm and mesoderm contributes from the sides. The plate of tissue thus formed is called a meatal plug, this recanalizes and the EAC is formed. This in-utero recanalization process has a variable outcome and may produce a variation in the lumen of the EAC. Plus during the course of development, the EAC descends downward creating further angulations of the cana

Deafness and Its Burdens - Prevention and Control

There is high burden of deafness globally is largely preventable and may be avoidable. Over 5% of the population of the world (466 million people) are living with disabling hearing loss (432 million adults and 34 million children). In 2002 WHO noticed that hearing loss has become a burden globally and major attentions were being paid on children and youth with adult being neglected. Hearing loss is the second most common cause of years lived with disability .Hearing impairment occurs when there is reduction in hearing acuity. Hearing impairment is a neglected chronic otological disorder with varying aetiology. Permanent childhood hearing loss is a significant health condition and its detection through screening with oto-acoustic emissions and/or auditory brainstem response is feasible and made early intervention possible and rewarding. Nationwide disability surveys estimated that hearing loss is the second most common cause of disability. This has posed a greater challenge to the practice of otolaryngology worldwide. A lack of skilled manpower, human resources and diagnostic facilities make this problem a huge challenge

Evaluation of the Hearing Test Pro Application as a Screening Tool for Hearing Loss Assessment

Background: Disabling hearing loss is considered a significant health problem globally with high incidence in developing countries. In Africa, different studies have shown that one in five Africans uses smartphones. This dispositive can be used to screen hearing loss. Aim: The study aims to appraise the effectiveness of Hearing Test Pro, an Android‑based application, as a screening tool for hearing loss. Methods: This is a prospective study developed in the Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido‑Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, between September and December 2018. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Consent of adult android users was conveniently obtained for the study. A regular audiometric test with Amplivox 260 was done after otoscopy (to exclude other ear pathology). The results were compared with the test developed by an android Hearing Test Pro app. A threshold of >40 decibels was used to determine any evidence of hearing loss at the specific frequency of 250–8000 Hz. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Three hundred and sixty ears of 180 patients were evaluated, of which 100 were male and 80 were female. The male‑to‑female ratio was 1.25:1. At lower frequency, a statistical difference between classical pure‑tone thresholds recorded with the audiometer and the android phone was documented. However, this difference was not noted at higher frequencies. Conclusion: The Hearing Test Pro app effectively distinguishes between high‑frequency hearing loss and thus can be useful as part of the hearing loss screening programs

Traumatic Retropharyngeal Abscess of Insidious Onset—A Case Report and Literature Review

Retropharyngeal abscess is an abscess of the deep spaces in the neck which if not treated urgently can be life-threatening as a result of airway compromise. It is important to detect and treat very early. It may arise in pediatrics from direct neck trauma which is not very common and fishbone impaction. Direct anterior neck trauma resulting in insidious retropharyngeal abscess has not been widely reported

The Values of ENT Medical Outreach in Suburb of Ekiti State, South-Western Nigeria

Objectives: To review the function of an otolaryngology (ENT) specialist outreach service in the various towns of Ekiti by the Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti (FETHI) ENT team over a 5 year period(2013 to 2018).The purpose is to highlight the various ENT Problems and the difficulties being faced by the populace which discouraged them from attending the ENT tertiary facilities. Methods: The ENT and Community Medicine departments’ staff maintained a record of all outreach towns and patients profiles seen during each outreach. Data recorded for each visit included the number of patients, biometrics, occupations, ENT Problems with the patients, the procedure/operations done at the outreach site and at FETHI. All these data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23 in an attempt to qualitatively measure the impact of the visits. Results: From 2013 to 2018 a total of 8188 were seen in our outreach out of which 2394 had ENT related problems. From Table 1, it can be seen that most of the patients with ENT problems (N = 672, %age = 28.1) lies in the age group between 41 years to 50 years. There are22.6% patients in age group of 31— 40 years, 15.7% in age group of 21 – 30 years, 11.2% in age group of 51 – 61 years, 10.7% in age group of 11 – 20 years, and 6.9% in age group of 01 – 10 years. There are only 4.8% ENT patients (N = 115) having age of 61 or more years. It can be seen that most of the patients with ENT problem lies from age group of 11 -- 60 years. The patients having age less than 11 years or more than 60 years relatively have less ENT problem as compared to other age group. Conclusion: In developed countries, outreach by ENT surgeons is important in as much as addressing critical lack of access ENT care in developing countries. However, it should be done on shared values, mutual respect, aspirations, and desire to build a durable and sustainable impact, and best practice which is accepted inte rnationally